{"title":"Nucleotides","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n.collection-des-section {\n    margin-bottom: 30px;\n}\n.section-title {\n    color: #3361ac;\n    font-size: 1.5em;\n}\n\/* Introduction Section *\/\n.intro-content {\n    display: block;\n    min-height: 380px;\n}\n.intro-content p {\n    margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n.structure-diagram {\n    background: rgba(193, 212, 231, 0.15);\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    padding: 20px;\n    text-align: center;\n    box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(22, 47, 101, 0.2);\n    color: rgba(22, 47, 101, 0.7);\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    font-size: 12px;\n    width: 340px;\n    float: right;\n    margin: 0 10px 20px 20px;\n}\n.structure-placeholder {\n    width: 100%;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\/*horizontal ray*\/\n.collection-des-hr {\n    background: linear-gradient(to right, #ffffff, #3361ac);\n    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20px;\n}\n}\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003c!-- Introduction Section --\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-des-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"intro-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-diagram\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-placeholder\"\u003e\u003csvg height=\"250px\" viewbox=\"0 0 312 173\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" version=\"1.1\"\u003e\n                    \u003ctext x=\"0\" y=\"0\" stroke=\"transparent\" fill=\"#000000\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 245.297 42.7216)\" style=\"font:normal normal normal 200px 'Arial'\"\u003e Base\u003c\/text\u003e\n                    \u003ctext x=\"0\" y=\"0\" stroke=\"transparent\" fill=\"#000000\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 193.56 98.4904)\" style=\"font:normal normal normal 200px 'Arial'\"\u003e O\u003c\/text\u003e\n                    \u003cpath stroke=\"transparent\" fill=\"#000000\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 -64.6667 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stroke=\"#000000\" stroke-width=\"12\" fill=\"transparent\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 -64.6667 -77.6667)\" d=\"M 1455.44,630 L 1518.75,630\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                    \u003cpath stroke=\"#000000\" stroke-width=\"12\" fill=\"transparent\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 -64.6667 -77.6667)\" d=\"M 1518.75,630 L 1518.75,1635\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                    \u003cpath stroke=\"#000000\" stroke-width=\"12\" fill=\"transparent\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 -64.6667 -77.6667)\" d=\"M 1518.75,1635 L 1455.44,1635\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                    \u003cpath stroke=\"#000000\" stroke-width=\"12\" fill=\"transparent\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 -64.6667 -77.6667)\" d=\"M 599.562,1635 L 536.25,1635\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                    \u003cpath stroke=\"#000000\" stroke-width=\"12\" fill=\"transparent\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 -64.6667 -77.6667)\" d=\"M 536.25,1635 L 536.25,630\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                    \u003cpath stroke=\"#000000\" stroke-width=\"12\" fill=\"transparent\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 -64.6667 -77.6667)\" d=\"M 536.25,630 L 599.562,630\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                    \u003ctext x=\"0\" y=\"0\" stroke=\"transparent\" fill=\"#000000\" transform=\"matrix(0.133333 0 0 0.133333 142.333 147.7)\" style=\"font:normal normal normal 150px 'Arial'\"\u003e n\u003c\/text\u003e\n                \u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn example structure of Nucleotides\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are Nucleotides?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the fundamental monomeric units of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Each nucleotide consists of three components:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA pentose sugar (ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne or more phosphate groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese molecules not only form the genetic blueprint of all living organisms but also participate in critical cellular processes such as energy transfer (e.g., ATP), signal transduction (e.g., cAMP), and enzyme cofactors (e.g., NAD, FAD).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynthesis of Nucleotides\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNucleotides can be synthesized through two primary pathways:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDe Novo Synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e: Cells build nucleotides from simple precursors (amino acids, carbon dioxide, folate derivatives) in a multi-step, energy-intensive process.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSalvage Pathway\u003c\/strong\u003e: Cells recycle pre-formed bases or nucleosides from degraded nucleic acids or dietary sources, offering metabolic efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Production:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOur nucleotides are produced using advanced enzymatic synthesis and fermentation technologies. This ensures high purity, scalability, and consistency. Steps include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelection of optimized microbial strains\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrecise control of fermentation conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDownstream purification via chromatography and crystallization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- Advantages Section --\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-des-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"section-title\"\u003eOur Advantages\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"collection-des-hr\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-des-lists\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003csvg class=\"list-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 640\"\u003e\n                    \u003cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M384 64L224 64C206.3 64 192 78.3 192 96C192 113.7 206.3 128 224 128L224 279.5L103.5 490.3C98.6 499 96 508.7 96 518.7C96 550.4 121.6 576 153.3 576L486.7 576C518.3 576 544 550.4 544 518.7C544 508.7 541.4 498.9 536.5 490.3L416 279.5L416 128C433.7 128 448 113.7 448 96C448 78.3 433.7 64 416 64L384 64zM288 279.5L288 128L352 128L352 279.5C352 290.6 354.9 301.6 360.4 311.3L402 384L238 384L279.6 311.3C285.1 301.6 288 290.7 288 279.5z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                \u003c\/svg\u003e High Purity \u0026amp; Consistency\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur products undergo rigorous QC testing (HPLC, mass spectrometry) to meet research and industrial standards. Check purity on each product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003csvg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\"\u003e\n                    \u003cpath d=\"M6 8a3 3 0 1 0 0-6 3 3 0 0 0 0 6m-5 6s-1 0-1-1 1-4 6-4 6 3 6 4-1 1-1 1zM11 3.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h4a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-4a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5m.5 2.5a.5.5 0 0 0 0 1h4a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1zm2 3a.5.5 0 0 0 0 1h2a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1zm0 3a.5.5 0 0 0 0 1h2a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                \u003c\/svg\u003e Custom Synthesis\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer tailored nucleotides (modified bases, labeled isotopes, phosphoramidites) for specialized applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003csvg class=\"list-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 640\"\u003e\n                    \u003cpath d=\"M576 96C576 204.1 499.4 294.3 397.6 315.4C389.7 257.3 363.6 205 325.1 164.5C365.2 104 433.9 64 512 64L544 64C561.7 64 576 78.3 576 96zM64 160C64 142.3 78.3 128 96 128L128 128C251.7 128 352 228.3 352 352L352 544C352 561.7 337.7 576 320 576C302.3 576 288 561.7 288 544L288 384C164.3 384 64 283.7 64 160z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                \u003c\/svg\u003e Sustainable Production\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur enzymatic synthesis reduces waste and energy consumption, aligning with green chemistry principles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003csvg class=\"list-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 640\"\u003e\n                    \u003cpath d=\"M341.5 45.1C337.4 37.1 329.1 32 320.1 32C311.1 32 302.8 37.1 298.7 45.1L225.1 189.3L65.2 214.7C56.3 216.1 48.9 222.4 46.1 231C43.3 239.6 45.6 249 51.9 255.4L166.3 369.9L141.1 529.8C139.7 538.7 143.4 547.7 150.7 553C158 558.3 167.6 559.1 175.7 555L320.1 481.6L464.4 555C472.4 559.1 482.1 558.3 489.4 553C496.7 547.7 500.4 538.8 499 529.8L473.7 369.9L588.1 255.4C594.5 249 596.7 239.6 593.9 231C591.1 222.4 583.8 216.1 574.8 214.7L415 189.3L341.5 45.1z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                \u003c\/svg\u003e Technical Expertise\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith decades of experience in nucleic acid chemistry, we provide unparalleled customer support and collaboration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003csvg class=\"list-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 640\"\u003e\n                    \u003cpath d=\"M544 128C544 110.3 529.7 96 512 96L128 96C110.3 96 96 110.3 96 128C96 145.7 110.3 160 128 160L512 160C529.7 160 544 145.7 544 128zM544 384C544 366.3 529.7 352 512 352L128 352C110.3 352 96 366.3 96 384C96 401.7 110.3 416 128 416L512 416C529.7 416 544 401.7 544 384zM96 256C96 273.7 110.3 288 128 288L512 288C529.7 288 544 273.7 544 256C544 238.3 529.7 224 512 224L128 224C110.3 224 96 238.3 96 256zM544 512C544 494.3 529.7 480 512 480L128 480C110.3 480 96 494.3 96 512C96 529.7 110.3 544 128 544L512 544C529.7 544 544 529.7 544 512z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\n                \u003c\/svg\u003e Regulatory Compliance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur products are manufactured in accordance with ISO, USP, and FDA guidelines, ensuring safety for pharmaceutical and food applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- Applications Section --\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-des-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"section-title\"\u003eApplications of Our Nucleotides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy integrating cutting-edge production with deep scientific expertise, we provide nucleotides that drive innovation from the lab to the market:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"collection-des-hr\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-des-lists\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"dashed-list-title\"\u003e\n\u003csvg 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\u003c\/svg\u003e Genetic Science \u0026amp; Biotechnology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCR \u0026amp; DNA Sequencing: High-fidelity dNTPs and modified nucleotides for accurate amplification and NGS.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGene Editing: CRISPR-Cas systems rely on synthetic nucleotides for guide RNA and repair templates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiagnostics: Fluorophore-labeled nucleotides for FISH probes and microarray technologies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"dashed-list-title\"\u003e\n\u003csvg class=\"list-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 640\"\u003e\n                    \u003cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M128 176C128 149.5 149.5 128 176 128C202.5 128 224 149.5 224 176L224 288L128 288L128 176zM240 432C240 383.3 258.1 338.8 288 305L288 176C288 114.1 237.9 64 176 64C114.1 64 64 114.1 64 176L64 464C64 525.9 114.1 576 176 576C213.3 576 246.3 557.8 266.7 529.7C249.7 501.1 240 467.7 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559.3 364.6C554.7 355.9 543 354.9 536 361.9L361.9 536z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\u003e \u003c\/path\u003e\n      \u003c\/svg\u003e Enzymatic \u0026amp; Biochemical Assays\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOptimized for studies involving RNA polymerases, ligases, kinases, and nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes, where Tris buffering supports consistent pH and reduces ionic inhibition.\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte-list-card\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"rte-dashed-list-title\"\u003e\n\u003csvg viewbox=\"0 0 640 640\" class=\"rte-list-icon\"\u003e\n        \u003cpath d=\"M406.6 73.4C394.1 60.9 373.8 60.9 361.3 73.4C348.8 85.9 348.8 106.2 361.3 118.7L370.7 128L92.1 406.6C74.1 424.6 64 449 64 474.5L64 480C64 533 107 576 160 576L165.5 576C191 576 215.4 565.9 233.4 547.9L512 269.3L521.4 278.7C533.9 291.2 554.2 291.2 566.7 278.7C579.2 266.2 579.2 245.9 566.7 233.4L406.7 73.4zM269.3 320L416 173.3L466.7 224L370.7 320L269.2 320z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\u003e \u003c\/path\u003e\n      \u003c\/svg\u003e Reference Standards \u0026amp; Controls\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServes as a quantitative standard for HPLC, LC–MS, enzyme kinetics, and calibration of nucleotide quantification assays.\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"rte-hr\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures and Benefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte-list-feature\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh purity(≥97%), nuclease-free, and Ultra-low endotoxin\u003c\/strong\u003e: suitable for sensitive biochemical assays. \u003csvg viewbox=\"0 0 300 300\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\"\u003e\n    \u003cpolygon points=\"50,250 250,50 250,250\"\u003e\u003c\/polygon\u003e\n  \u003c\/svg\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte-list-feature\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e Ready-to-use\u003c\/strong\u003e: 100 mM solution eliminates the need for weighing and dissolution. \u003csvg viewbox=\"0 0 300 300\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\"\u003e\n    \u003cpolygon points=\"50,250 250,50 250,250\"\u003e\u003c\/polygon\u003e\n  \u003c\/svg\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte-list-feature\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTris-buffered solution\u003c\/strong\u003e: provide stable pH and enhanced enzyme compatability for biochemical and molecular biology workflows. \u003csvg viewbox=\"0 0 300 300\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\"\u003e\n    \u003cpolygon points=\"50,250 250,50 250,250\"\u003e\u003c\/polygon\u003e\n  \u003c\/svg\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"rte-hr\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte-cite\"\u003e\n\u003ccite\u003e[1] Staeben, Matt, Karen M. Kleman-Leyer, Andrew L. Kopp, Thane A. Westermeyer, and Robert G. Lowery. \"Development and validation of a transcreener assay for detection of AMP-and GMP-producing enzymes.\" Assay and drug development technologies 8, no. 3 (2010): 339-350.\u003c\/cite\u003e \u003ccite\u003e[2] Kvitvang, Hans FN, Kåre A. 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